However, they too remained imprecise, and had to be adjusted almost daily on the basis of the position of the Sun with a sundial in order to remain accurate. From the 13th century, mechanical clocks began to be used across Europe. On a sundial, the position of the sun would be 14 minutes behind around 11 February, and 16½ minutes ahead around 3 November. Sundials, which divide a day into 24 hours, were subject to inaccuracies, as Earth's rotation around the Sun does not follow a uniform time of 24 hours. But they could not function at night or if the sky was cloudy, in which case other methods such as the clepsydra were used, which measured time by the regulated flow of water into or out from a vessel. Instead, sundials were historically used to measure the mean solar time. See also: Equation of time Christiaan Huygens, who was Dutch, invented the revolutionary pendulum clockīefore the 19th century, there was no need for a standard time zone across the country. The Caribbean Netherlands – which consist of the islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba – all observe Atlantic Standard Time (AST) year-round, which is four hours behind coordinated universal time ( UTC−04:00). Time in the Kingdom of the Netherlands is denoted by Central European Time (CET) during the winter as standard time in the Netherlands, which is one hour ahead of coordinated universal time ( UTC+01:00), and Central European Summer Time (CEST) during the summer as daylight saving time, which is two hours ahead of coordinated universal time ( UTC+02:00). Time zones used in the Netherlands Time in the Kingdom of the NetherlandsĪtlantic Standard Time ( Caribbean Netherlands)Ĭentral European Summer Time (Netherlands)
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If the butter is only barely warm, it won’t heat the yolks enough to thicken the sauce.And a little extra water helps the hollandaise emulsify better. Don’t melt the butter at a high temperature, because it’ll evaporate the water in the butter.Add butter in a thin stream, not all at once.This step heats the egg yolks and gives the sauce body, so it’s not runny. Blend the egg yolks for 30 full seconds in Step 2.Tips To Ensure a Creamy Hollandaise Sauce Start over with fresh egg yolks in the blender and beat the egg yolks for 30 seconds, Then, with the blender running, slowly pour the broken Hollandaise into the egg yolks instead of freshly melted butter.Whisk in cool water, one tablespoon at a time, until smooth. Move the broken Hollandaise to a bowl set over a pot of gently simmering water.If your sauce is greasy and curdled, try one of these methods. There are a few ways you can fix a broken Hollandaise. Also, adding too much butter or adding it too quickly can also cause the sauce to separate. There are a few ways Hollandaise sauce can separate, or "break." Overheating or overcooking the egg yolk can case the sauce to separate. Once you separate out the yolks for this easy hollandaise sauce recipe, you can store the egg whites in the refrigerator for up to 4 days.Instead of being beautifully light yellow and creamy, a broken Hollandaise will be curdled or runny. It even tastes great on chicken and potatoes! Adventurous, try my Calamari Chile Relleno! Or, add a spoonful to homemade breakfast sandwiches. The most obvious use is for eggs Benedict, but there are plenty of other ways to use this tangy, creamy sauce.ĭrizzle it over roasted asparagus, poached salmon, or steamed vegetables. Then, place the jar in hot water and stir until warmed through. Need to make it in advance? Store the finished sauce in a sealed jar a few hours before you need it.You could also add a little bit of white pepper if you’d like. Once your hollandaise is done, give it a taste and add a pinch of salt if needed. This is also the best way to correct a sauce that is broken without having to start all over again.
Harry and the staff theorize that Quirrell is David Monroe, a long-missing opponent of Voldemort. Harry pays his fortune to Lucius Malfoy, Draco's father, to save Hermione from Azkaban, after which Lucius withdraws Draco from Hogwarts. Suddenly, she gets accused of Draco's attempted murder. Quirrell reveals himself as a snake Animagus to Harry and convinces him to help spirit a supposedly innocent Bellatrix Black from Azkaban, leaving her hidden.Īfter army battles, bullying incidents, and hearing a phoenix's call, Hermione establishes the organization S.P.H.E.W. After learning the regular Patronus, Draco discovers Harry can speak Parseltongue. Resolving to defeat death, he invents the True Patronus charm, destroying the Dementor. Though Hermione and Harry initially fail, Harry recognizes Dementors as shadows of death. Quirrell starts a program involving "student armies" with Harry, Draco, and Hermione as first-year generals.Īfter winter break, Hogwarts procures a Dementor to teach students the Patronus charm. Harry invents partial Transfiguration, a magical technique that transmutes parts of wholes by applying timeless physics. As school begins, Harry feels patronized by McGonagall and Headmaster Dumbledore, bonds with Professor Quirrell, and tests magic through the scientific method with Draco and Hermione. Harry accidentally makes it self-aware, talks to it, and ultimately enters Ravenclaw. Harry also befriends Hermione Granger over their scientific inclinations.Īt Hogwarts, the Sorting Hat sends Hermione to Ravenclaw and Draco to Slytherin. When boarding the Hogwarts Express, circumstances make Harry befriend Draco Malfoy over Ron Weasley. Harry becomes irritated over wizarding society's inconsistencies and backwardness. When Harry turns 11, Petunia and Professor McGonagall inform him and Michael about the wizarding world and Harry's defeat of Lord Voldemort. They adopt their orphaned nephew Harry James Potter as Harry James Potter-Evans-Verres, him and Michael unaware of his heritage, and homeschool him in science and rationality. In this fan fiction's alternate universe to the Harry Potter series, Lily Potter magically made Petunia Evans prettier, letting her abandon Vernon Dursley and marry Oxford professor Michael Verres. HPMOR has inspired other works of fan fiction, art, and poetry. The fan fiction spans one year, covering Harry's first year in Hogwarts. Yudkowsky's reimagining supposes that Harry's aunt Petunia Evans married an Oxford professor and homeschooled Harry in science and rational thinking, allowing Harry to enter the magical world with ideals from the Age of Enlightenment and an experimental spirit. It adapts the story of Harry Potter to explain complex concepts in cognitive science, philosophy, and the scientific method. Rowling may be Harry's official custodian, but because of sites like these, this unique world - with its moral lessons and colorful characters - will endure.Harry Potter and the Methods of Rationality ( HPMOR) is a Harry Potter fan fiction by Eliezer Yudkowsky published on FanFiction.Net as a serial from February 28, 2010, to March 14, 2015, totaling 122 chapters and over 660,000 words. Thanks to the Internet, a magical community in its own right, the possibilities for discussion are endless. Rowling: She has given the site an exclusive interview, and praises it on her own site. MuggleNet enjoys a unique relationship with Potter author J. Other major Potter fan sites include, which contains not just fan fiction but also forums and editorials where users debate the true motives of Snape and Dumbledore. boasts more than 40,000 stories, from the lighthearted (Draco Malfoy has just three days to stop his true love's wedding) to the ominous (with Voldemort in power, Hogwarts students are taught dark magic) and seemingly everything in between. In short stories, novellas and poems online, amateur authors expand upon a character's storyline, filling in background detail or creating a life beyond the final pages of the book. With countless Web sites devoted to the series, the characters will be leaving more than just traces of floo powder in their wake.Īssuming he lives to the end of the seventh book, Harry's story will continue through the fan fiction now proliferating on the Web. Once readers finish "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows," the seventh and final book in the series, there will be no more wondering about the fates of Harry, Ron, Hermione, Voldemort, and Snape. No more anxious waiting for the release of another Harry Potter book! When it does, moving the King to a vacant column should be given a high priority. It's the only rank that cannot be moved onto another rank. They can often cause problems because if one is at the bottom of a column, no cards can be moved to that column. The Ace has the distinction that it is the only card onto which another rank cannot be placed by the player.If possible, find a combination of moves that, when played, will result in something useful, such as turning a hidden card or vacating a column. Before making a move, look over the current game state to see what else might be available. Simply playing the most obvious move may not the best strategy.Please refer to Spider Solitaire 2 Suits and to Spider Solitaire 4 suits for more advanced strategy and tips. If you are not new to Hearts games start wherever you please! There are hundreds of games available at 247Hearts.Beginner's Spider Solitaire Strategy (1-suit) As you advance test your skills on Hearts "artificial aficionados" in Medium Hearts, Hard Hearts, and Expert Hearts. If you are a beginner, try your hand against the card players in our Easy Hearts game. Each level of Hearts, Easy, Medium, Hard, and Expert or made more challenging or less so by advances in AI. Players can enjoy Hearts on 247 Hearts with other players because of Artificial Intelligence. All in all there are 26 penalty points in each deal in the card game Hearts. Also, the Queen of Spades or "Calamity Jane" is worth 13 points. In modern day Hearts, unlike Reversis, each Heart is worth one point. Since then this scientific card game has come a long way. It originated in Spain in the 1700's, at that time Heart was called Reversis. The card game, Hearts, has evolved over the years. Whichever player has the LEAST amount of points wins! When a player reaches 100 points, the game will end. Each round of Hearts will end when players have completed their hands. This means a player must play a heart while another suit is being played. A leading trick player is not able to start with a heart unless they only have hearts in their hand or until the hearts have been "broken". The player who takes the trick will become the leader of the next trick. The points accumulated by any penalties and the trick are given to the player of the highest card in the suit that was originally put into play. Among the cards they may choose to discard or "slough" is a penalty Heart or the Queen of Spades. If they do not have a card that is the same suit as the lead card then Heart players can play any card that they have. Subsequent players are to play a card that is the same suit as the lead card. Hearts Card Game is played in a clockwise order. After they have done so the other Heart players will play a card from their hands. Start playing Hearts with the card player with the 2 of clubs starting off the first trick. However, even though the rules are simple there is a righteous range of scientific sport in this "evasion type" card game. Like other fun trick-taking card games such as Spades and Bridge the rules of the game are not complicated. Fall in love with Hearts at ! Hearts is structured to be played with four players, it is not difficult to learn but there is strategic play abound. From Rig-e Yalan, the return route to Shahdad-Nehbandan road is about 120 km, which takes at least 4 hours. Depending on the desire, you should rest a night in one of these places as a camp and drive to Rig-e Yalan the next day. After visiting the strait, go to the star sand and then go to Malek Mohammad’s hole. Along this route, you can also visit the Kaluts before the strait. From this point to the Zaban-e Mar (Snake Tongue) strait is about 70 km. After about 120 km from Shahdad to Nehbandan road, you have to enter the side route of Zaban-e Mar (Snake Tongue) Strait. One of the best routes to visit lut is Shahdad route. What is the best planning to visit the Lut desert? The only way to stay in this area is camping and it is definitely an adventurous trip. Therefore, having warm clothes and a sleeping bag is a necessity of travel. Necessary equipment for Lut desert Travel?Īlthough lut is a desert and lowland region, it has cold nights. In the summer, the Lut Desert is not only one of the hottest spots in Iran, but according to NASA satellite data, this region is one of the hottest spots on Earth. The best time to travel to Lut is autumn and winter. The best time and season to travel to Lut desert? Due to the remoteness of this desert from the big cities and the light created by these cities, beautiful images of the night sky can be recorded inside the Lut desert. The night sky of the desert is the paradise of astronomers, and the pristine nature of Lut compared to other deserts of Iran invites photographers, astronomers and researchers. These birds get their water from insects or dew, which is formed by the difference between day and night temperatures. About 70 species of birds have been seen in the Lut Desert, all of which have white in common to absorb less heat. These include snakes and carnivorous birds, foxes and sand cats, and agamas. In the eastern part of the Lut Desert live animals that are resistant to dehydration. The sand dunes, which surround the teak bushes like a pot, are up to 10 meters high. This amazing phenomenon is one of the unique attractions of Lut desert. In addition, in 20 km of Shahdad region, turmeric trees and shrubs can be seen, which is one of the most beautiful landscapes that can be seen in Lut desert, “Nebka” or sand pots. The density of this vegetation is much higher in the east of Lut. Unlike the central regions, which are devoid of vegetation, the Rig-e-Yalan region contains several species of plants. For example, in the spring, after limited seasonal rains, grass plants grow and dry out in a short time. There is no plant or animal life in the central parts of the Lut Desert But in some times of the year when the weather is more favorable, short life can be observed. Visiting the green area is open to the public, but presence in the orange and red areas is prohibited, and to enter this area you will need the presence of a guide and the necessary coordination with the relevant devices. The Lut desert is actually divided into three parts: green, orange and red. It is important to note that a full visit to the Lut area also requires a permits. Undoubtedly, watching the grandeur of Lut and Rig Yalan desert is worth the hardships of traveling to this region. To travel to it, you must bring enough food, water, gasoline and in general all the travel necessities. The only way to visit this area is to use SUV cars. About 70% of this vast desert is located in Kerman province and the remaining 30% is located in the provinces of South Khorasan and Sistan and Baluchestan.Ī trip to Lut desert, due to the size of the region and the absence of any town or village in it, requires the company of a professional group and familiar with the region. Among these areas, we can mention the area of Shahdad and the Kaluts. The vastness of the Lut Desert has created different regions with different climates and geographical features But those who are interested in desert tourism and enjoy the unique and different attractions of Lut desert, generally choose specific and well-known routes to travel to Lut desert and desert tour is usually done in these areas. The average length of the Lut Desert in the north-south direction is 900 km and from west to east, 300 km. This region, which extends from north to south, is bounded on the west by “Nayband” fault and on the east by “Nehbandan” fault. Lut Desert is a vast area that includes parts of the three vast provinces of Sistan and Baluchestan, South Khorasan and Kerman. The main part of this great desert is made up of sand and gravel and other parts of it have desert geography. “Lut” in Baluchi language, which is one of the languages of northwestern Iran, means naked, waterless, thirsty and empty of everything. Lut Desert is located in the southeast of Iran and gets the title of the most pristine spot in Iran. You'll need an RTX 20 or 30 series card or an AMD equivalent for higher resolutions, frame rates, or to utilize The Ascent's gorgeous implementation of ray tracing. Some frame dips during busy encounters are to be expected with this title, although the stuttering issues present at launch seem to be fixed now. The recommended specs call for a GTX 1070 and Ryzen 5 2600, aiming for a 1080p, 60 FPS gameplay experience. As great as this game looks, you'll need an impressive PC to get the most out of this title. Fortunately, this game's dynamic resolution scaling option means mid-range PCs and even the Steam Deck can run this game at respectable frame rates.įew games showcase the cyberpunk art style quite as well as The Ascent, a cooperative top-down shooter that features excellent particle effects and lighting. A GTX 1060 is recommended to play this title at 1080p, but anyone looking to play at 1440p or 4K will need a higher-end GPU. Improvements to the game's shader compiling, DLSS support, and tons of performance improvements have made Horizon Zero Dawn a solid PC port that pushes modern systems to their limits. Now that some time has passed, how does Zero Dawn fare today? Horizon Zero Dawn blew PlayStation players away with its stunning visuals when it was first released, yet its rough PC release pushed many players away from it. What was once a PlayStation exclusive has made its way to PC in 2020. Nvidia GeForce GTX 1060 (6 GB) / AMD Radeon RX 580 Nvidia GeForce GTX 780 / AMD Radeon R9 290 Ray tracing is inexplicably missing from this title, but it does feature Nvidia's Reflex and DLSS technologies, alongside a wide selection of sharpening and upscaling options for all PCs. Upscaling, 4K resolution, and tons of detailed assets can give your video card a serious stress test with the highest settings. That might not rock the boat by modern standards, yet the game has tons of scalability settings. As you'd expect, it's also the franchise's most graphically demanding title yet, requiring a GTX 1060 and Ryto play at 1080p 60 FPS. So this article is basically functions as a performance chart overview.Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 (2022)-not to be confused with Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 (2009)-is the latest entry in the Call of Duty series, featuring a plethora of new game types, weapons, and more. This article is nothing more then a performance overview of all four processors released yesterday. In this article we'll review the AMD FX 8150 - 8120 - 61 in a quickie performance review. It is AMD's most high-end and processor series to date, yet will remain an affordable processor series.ĪMD FX 8150 - 8120 - 61 performance review Also known as the Vishera generation with PileDriver cores, today FX 8300 series is tested. You guys have been hearing the magic word 'Vishera' for a while now and it is the codename for the Piledriver core based FX series processors f. We review the AMD FX 83E processor today. It's Vishera time again, and yeah that is the codename for the Piledriver core based FX series processors from AMD. We review the AMD FX 8320E processor today. It's exactly in applications like these where processors with more cores really shine as they are all utilized to the maximum. The higher the number, the faster the performance is. The displayed number is the number of frames rendered per second averaged out over the encoding process. This software is also a perfect benchmark for CPU and memory testing. the more processor cores it sees, the faster it can and will transcode. We use the Handbrake software suite which is multi-core aware. It's compressed in such a way that you can play it back with Haali media splitter and/or FFDSHOW codecs. We encode a h.2P trailer of 150 MB to Matroska x.264 with 5.1 channels AC3. As such this is one of the better tests in the entire review. Encoding/transcoding to x.264 format is one of the most intensive tasks a processor can perform. Video transcoding is well suited for systems that have more CPU cores. This measurement is in seconds needed for the process, thus lower = better. In this test we transcode a 200 MB AVCHD 1920x1080i media file to a 1280x720P MP4 binary (YouTube format). The fun thing about this video transcoder is that it can utilize the GPU to assist it with the transcoding process. However, you can also solely use the CPU, making this a very interesting benchmark as you can check out behavior of CPU transcoding AND GPU transcoding all in one test.Ībove, you can find the results of this new test. We recently added another benchmark to the test-suite. This is a fairly high-end processor that runs at 2.2GHz, supports Hyper-Threading and has a large 6MB 元 cache with integrated Intel HD 4600 Graphics. Specifically, the notebook is powered by the new Core i7-4702MQ processor, which has a TDP of 37W, making it Intel’s lowest TDP quad-core mobile processor. Which brings us nicely to the new MSI GE40 2OC Dragon Eyes (henceforth known simply as MSI GE40), which is part of MSI’s G-series gaming series and has Intel’s latest fourth generation Core processor under its hood. This is exactly the change that's happening right now with products like convertible and hybrid Ultrabooks and ultra-slim gaming notebooks. All this means you stand to get slimmer and lighter notebook. Also with more efficient components, notebook manufacturers need not integrate large batteries into their machines. If a new notebook boasts a lower TDP than a previous generation, it means that the notebook does not have to dissipate that much heat (thanks to more efficient components) and it can do with simpler heatsinks and lesser fans (or even no fans in some cases). TDP is important in a notebook design because it refers to the maximum amount of heat the cooling system in the notebook would need to dissipate. Crucially, more efficient processors means more performance at a given TDP (thermal design power). And this has had a major effect on notebooks design and specifications. And this promise is endorsed by our customers.With each passing generation, processors have become more power efficient. With more than a decade of experience our team will ensure your high quality replacement screen is as good - or better than your original display, and that the whole process from purchase, through the delivery and to installation, is seamless. We pay a little more to ensure our products impress and please every time, and give a long working lifetime. We insist on higher grade Class I panels, (note that there is no such thing as a Grade A screen). The long time we have been established has also enabled us to build sterling relationships with top manufacturers like In addition to this, you have peace of mind that we have many years of trading, during which time we have accumulated a wealth of knowledge, which enables us to provide the right screens, first time. We have the largest screen replacement database on the Internet. The measurement does not include any frame (or bezel), just the area that lights up and is part of the display area. Screen sizes are measured diagonally, from corner to corner, of the visible display area only. We always list the size of the screen to help you determine which product is right for you. We try where possible to offer both options, if we have both options, we will offer them in the product description. GLOSS screens will display brighter and richer colours, and MATTE screens will look duller, but are less reflective. MATTE is better for outdoor use and GLOSS is better for indoor use. MSI Screens can be manufactured in MATTE or GLOSSY finish. As this is tricky we advise against upgrading unless you know what you are doing. Next you'll need to make sure you have a screen cable fitted that is capable of the resolution you wish to change to. Check that the upgrade screen you want to purchase has the same mountings, connector type and connector position, by comparing the photographs on each product page and the connector specifications in the description. If you are looking to upgrade (or downgrade) the resolution, say from HD to FULL HD, you need to check a couple of things first before you try the upgrade. To be 100% sure, it's best to remove your old screen first, and make sure it looks similar to the photograph we provide, and that the resolution, connector type and connector position match as well. MSI are notorious for fitting different types of screen to the Microstar Msi Ge40 Dragon Eyes (FHD) machine, and as such we ask you to please check the specifications of this screen match your original. Is the Microstar Msi Ge40 Dragon Eyes 14.0 Full Hd Screen Replacement, the correct product for you? If you research our company, you will encounter our impressive accumulation of fantastic reviews on sites like Trustpilot and Google. With our 17 years of trading experience, we can warrant that claim with real expertise. uk guarantee you a working Microstar Msi Ge40 Dragon Eyes (FHD) screen replacement, or your money back. Msi Ge40 Dragon Eyes Full-hd Replacement Screen Buyer's Guide A proxy fetches the website and makes it accessible to you. Premium and plus subscribers can also establish OpenVPN connections. What is VPN proxy VPN proxy is an intermediate server between you and the website you want to browse. The program offers support for various connection protocols such as L2TP, IPsec - IKEv1 and IKEv2, PPTP and SSTP. Atlas VPN's three-year plan costs 1.99 a month, for instance. What’s more, the program will also let you know that your real identity is hidden and the Internet connection is encrypted. The two-year plan offers the best value at 3.45 (3.75 on renewal), but again, there's a lot of cash to be saved elsewhere. To connect to the target VPN server, all you need to do is use the related option and as soon as the connection is established its status will be displayed in green. However, you can also allow the app to select the IP address which is closest to your actual location to ensure an optimal connection speed. VPN offers various types of subscriptions, and depending which one you chose, you can select your IP address to be from one or more countries. In the simple UI, you can view an overview of your connection status as well as information related to the VPN IP address and your account. To use the app you’ll need to create an account, and enter the login information in its main window. Get free VPN Why is it free Our VPN is completely free. VPN is an intuitive VPN client that allows you to protect your identity and location while surfing the web as it reroutes your connection through a secure server which acts as a virtual private network. Hide me vpn account register - High quality VPN Hide me vpn account register. With so many activity and behavior trackers as well as digital threats like identity theft, there is no such thing as using too many security measures to protect your online privacy. The Internet is anything but private if you’re using only default browser and system settings while your surfing the web. Testing it is very difficult, as speeds vary between servers and at different times of day, and are affected by a whole load of other factors VPN: A friendly VPN client for Windows lets you surf the web anonymously by connecting to a VPN server still calls itself the World’s Fastest VPN. This can be used on the mobile apps to ensure your data allowance is better protected: data will only be consumed while the VPN is active. The second way it can work is to limit all apps to the VPN connection. When testing a virtual private network, or VPN, we always consider the service's price, privacy, and technology. Lifetime Free VPN Easy to use - Connect with one click Secure your Internet Connection and get a camouflaged IP Address Over 2000 servers in 75 worldwide VPN. It offers more than 100 servers in 24 different countries across. So if you want to ensure you’re protected before downloading a torrent file, you can choose your BitTorrent client in Stealth Guard, which means you can never accidentally use it without the protection of the VPN. VPN offers Wi-Fi security, online privacy, and access to all blocked content and apps. That sounds like split-tunnelling, but with Stealth Guard, those apps won’t work unless the VPN is running. First, you can set it so that certain apps must use the VPN. Last but not least is Stealth Guard, which is in the Windows and macOS apps. For convenience you can choose to automatically connect to a server when your device boots up, and you can also specify what to do when using secure Wi-Fi, insecure (open) Wi-Fi and mobile networks: ask, enable VPN, disable VPN or ignore the network. In fact, this utility allows one to convert molecular structure from Cartesian to Z-matrix coordinates, not to build a new Z-matrix. Before using this feature one must first have a structure of the molecule in Cartesian coordinates. Here are some examples of wildcard use: *Īll atoms specified by Cartesian coordinates.Īll defined valence angles around atom 4.Īll defined dihedral angles around the bond connecting atoms 3 and 4.īy default, the coordinate type is determined from the number of atoms specified: Cartesian coordinates for 1 atom, bond stretch for 2 atoms, valence angle for 3 atoms, and dihedral angle for 4 atoms. Z-matrix builder The menu item 'Tools/Build Z-matrix/' allows a Z-matrix to be generated in text format. Increment the coordinate by stepsize a total of nsteps times, performing an optimization from each resulting starting geometry.Īn asterisk (*) in the place of an atom number indicates a wildcard. Perform a relaxed potential energy surface scan. Remove the coordinate from the definition list (but not the related coordinates).Ĭalculate numerical second derivatives for the row and column of the initial Hessian for this coordinate.Ĭhange the diagonal element for this coordinate in the initial Hessian to diag-elem. Remove the coordinate and kill all related coordinates containing this coordinate. These are the available action codes: AĪctivate the coordinate for optimization if it has been frozen.įreeze the coordinate in the optimization.Īdd the coordinate and build all related coordinates. If no action code is included, the default action is to add the specified coordinate. I walk the students through the Gaussian input file with special emphasis on how a Z-matrix is constructed allowing the use of internal coordinate parameters of bond lengths, bond angles, and. The atom numbers are followed by a one-character code letter indicating the coordinate modification to be performed the action code is sometimes followed by additional required parameters as indicated above. question: is there an easy way to produce a gaussian input file using z-matrix coordinates with gaussview I found out that this was standard for older version but Gview 5.0 seems to have cartesian coordinates as standard. Atom numbering begins at 1, and any dummy atoms are not counted. N1, N2, N3, and N4 are atom numbers or wildcards (discussed below). The most-used Z-matrix format uses the following syntax: Element-label, atom 1, bond-length, atom 2, bond-angle, atom 3, dihedral-angle format-code Although these examples use commas to separate items within a line, any valid separator may be used. Defining a starting geometry for a molecule can be done in 2 ways either in Cartesian coordinates or Z-matrix format. Lines in a ModRedundant input section use the following syntax: N1 ]] N1 ]] B N1 ]] K | R N1 ]] D N1 ]] H diag-elem N1 ]] S nsteps stepsize Each line of a Z-matrix gives the internal coordinates for one of the atoms within the molecule.
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